Forensic biochemistry is a crucial field within forensic science that involves the analysis of biological information, such as DNA or blood samples, to aid in investigations. This discipline utilizes various techniques like DNA fingerprinting to trace the origin of substances, determine paternity, relationships, or track the spread of diseases. Forensic biochemistry plays a significant role in forensic investigations, particularly through DNA fingerprinting techniques, but it must be used cautiously due to the serious implications of its findings.

 Biochemical toxicology is the branch of toxicology that focuses on the biochemical changes and mechanisms of toxic substances in living organisms. It involves the study of how toxic substances interact with biological systems, including their metabolism, detoxification, and the biochemical mode of action that leads to toxic effects.

1. Analytical toxicology: Identification and assay of toxic chemicals in biological material.
2. Toxicity testing: Using living systems to estimate toxicity.
3. Biochemical changes in toxic substances: The detoxification of toxic substances in an organism's system.
4. Biochemical mode of action: The biochemical pathways through which toxic substances exert their toxic effects.